Osteoporosis

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones. It reduces the density and thickness of your bones. People with osteoporosis are more prone to have fractured bones (bone fractures). Your bones are normally dense and robust enough to bear your weight and absorb most types of shocks. As you get older, your bones naturally lose density and the ability to renew (remodel themselves). If you have osteoporosis, your bones are much more frail.

Symptoms

Osteoporosis does not have the same symptoms as many other medical disorders. That's why healthcare experts refer to it as a quiet sickness. Even though osteoporosis does not create symptoms, you may notice a few changes in your body that indicate your bones are losing strength or density. Osteoporosis warning signs may include losing an inch or more of height, changes in natural posture, shortness of breath, and lower back pain.

Causes

Osteoporosis develops as you age and your bones lose the ability to renew and mend themselves. Your bones are living tissue, much like the rest of your body. It may not appear so, but they are constantly replenishing their cells and tissue throughout your lifetime. Until roughly age 30, your body naturally produces more bone than it loses. After age 35, bone breakdown occurs quicker than the body can repair it, resulting in a steady decrease of bone mass.

Diagnosis

A bone density test is used by a healthcare provider to diagnose osteoporosis. A bone density test is an imaging examination that determines the strength of your bones. It employs X-rays to determine how much calcium and other minerals are present in your bones. DEXA scans, DXA scans, or bone density scans are all terms used by healthcare providers to describe bone density testing. All of these are different names for the same test. A bone density test employs low-level X-rays to determine the density and mineral content of your bones. It's comparable to a standard X-ray. It is an outpatient treatment, so you will not have to stay in the hospital.

Management and Treatment

Your healthcare physician will recommend a mix of treatments to slow down bone loss and strengthen existing bone structure. The most crucial aspect of treating osteoporosis is avoiding bone fractures. The most frequent osteoporosis therapies are:

• Exercise: Regular exercise can help strengthen your bones. Your doctor may recommend weight-bearing exercises to help you develop your muscles and improve your balance. Walking, yoga, Pilates, and tai chi are examples of exercises that cause your body to fight against gravity and can help you acquire strength and balance without placing too much strain on your bones. You may need to consult with a physical therapist to identify exercises and motions that are appropriate for you.

• Vitamin and mineral supplements: You may require calcium or vitamin D supplements, either over-the-counter or on prescription. Your doctor will tell you which type you need, how often you should take it, and what amount you require.

• Medications for osteoporosis: Your doctor will tell you which medications are ideal for you and your body. Hormone therapy such as replacement estrogen or testosterone, as well as bisphosphonates, are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for osteoporosis. Patients with severe osteoporosis or a significant risk of fractures may require drugs such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs, denosumab, and romosozumab. These drugs are frequently administered as injections.

Prevention

Exercise and a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D are usually sufficient to avoid osteoporosis. Your specialist will assist you in determining the optimum therapy combination for you and your bone health needs. Follow these general safety precautions to lessen the danger of injury:

• Always wear a seatbelt.

• Wear appropriate protective equipment during all activities and sports.

• Make sure your home and workspace are clutter-free to avoid tripping you or others.

• When reaching for something at home, always use the appropriate tools or equipment. Never stand on a chair, table, or counter.

• Follow a healthy diet and exercise routine.

• Use a cane or walker if you have difficulty walking or are at risk of falling.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis is a prevalent but treatable disorder that causes weakening bones and increases the risk of fractures. Early diagnosis and early treatment are critical for minimising bone loss and lowering the risk of major fractures, especially in the spine, hips, and wrists. For more information, visit SHALBY Sanar International Hospital, Gurugram.