Cardiac Ablation

Cardiac ablation (catheter ablation) is a minimally invasive procedure for irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). This treatment is used by healthcare experts to identify and treat aberrant tissue in the heart, which can help to rectify the rhythm. A cardiologist (heart doctor) performs a cardiac ablation operation by inserting a catheter (tube) into a blood artery leading to your heart. They utilize heat (radiofrequency ablation), cold (cryoablation), or short bursts of energy (pulsed field) to leave scars in the locations where the arrhythmia begins. These scars serve to block aberrant electrical impulses and avoid irregular beats.

Type of cardiac ablation

Cardiac ablation is the most common treatment for rapid cardiac arrhythmias; however, it is rarely the first option. Your physician may recommend this treatment if you have an irregular cardiac rhythm that medicines cannot correct. Your clinician will assess your heart and overall health to determine the best approach for treating the arrhythmia that affects you. A cardiac ablation technique can treat the following types of arrhythmias:

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) and atrial flutter: These cause your heart's upper chambers (the atria) to beat erratically and ineffectively. AFib can produce clots, which raise your chance of having a stroke because the blood stays stagnant.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): People with SVT have episodes of rapid, irregular heartbeats (up to 300 beats per minute). Your heart can still pump blood normally, but frequent or prolonged episodes of SVT might harm your heart.
Ventricular tachycardia (VT): With VT, your lower chambers (ventricles) may begin to beat too fast. This is a potentially hazardous arrhythmia that can result in cardiac arrest.

Procedure

Before performing a cardiac ablation procedure, you may need to:

Stop taking blood thinners, such as aspirin or warfarin.
Stop eating or drinking for a few hours (typically after midnight) before your procedure (your provider will give you specific instructions).
Arrange for someone to pick you up and take you home from the hospital following the surgery.
Dress comfortably and leave jewelry and valuables at home.
Get an intravenous (IV) line in your arm to receive medicine, including sedation or anesthesia (you will be relaxed even if you are awake).

During cardiac ablation

The provider will:

Shave, clean, and numb the area in which they will work.
Create an opening by inserting a small tube (sheath) through your skin and into a vein or artery (providers use a blood vessel in your groin, arm, leg, or neck).
Insert the electrode catheters (thin tubes with wires) into the sheath; they will thread the catheters through your vein or artery and up to your heart (using X-rays to guide them).
Map the problem area so they know which tissue to treat.
Use the catheter to treat the abnormal heart tissue and block the irregular rhythms.
Remove the catheter and sheath from the vein or artery.

How long does it take to perform a heart ablation?

A cardiac ablation can take two to four hours to complete, but it is usually much longer. The exact time it takes varies from person to person.

What happens afterward?

After a cardiac ablation operation, you are sent to a recovery room and remain there for many hours. While you are recovering, a nurse will monitor your condition. You will need to stay in the hospital for six to eight hours following the treatment. Depending on your condition, you may be discharged the same day or spend the night in the hospital. When it is time to go home, you will be given specific instructions for at-home care. To assist avoid blood clots, your doctor may prescribe aspirin or another blood thinner. Depending on your medical history, you may need to take this medication for months or even years following the treatment.

Benefits

Cardiac ablation is a minimally invasive surgery that often does not need a lengthy hospital stay. When drugs fail, a cardiac ablation technique can help to restore a normal heart rhythm. In some situations, this treatment may save a person's life.

How successful is heart ablation?

The success rate of cardiac ablation varies depending on the type of irregular heart rhythm you have. People with SVT may have a 90-95% success rate. However, the success rate for Afib, atrial tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia is only 60-80%.

Risks

Cardiac ablation hazards are minimal. People rarely experience difficulties, especially at hospitals that perform a large number of cardiac ablations. Blood clots, sheath or catheter-related blood vessel damage, damage to heart tissue or valves, infection or bleeding, stroke, and the necessity for a permanent pacemaker are all potential concerns. Radiofrequency catheter ablation does expose you to some radiation. Whether you are pregnant, consult with your doctor to see whether you may safely postpone the surgery until after you have given birth.

Conclusion

Cardiac ablation is a game-changing technique that restores normal heart rhythm and greatly improves quality of life for individuals with arrhythmias. While not without hazards, the advantages frequently outweigh the possible drawbacks. Patients can obtain optimal outcomes and live a healthier, more active life by comprehending the operation, properly preparing, and adhering to post-surgical protocols. If you're thinking about having cardiac ablation, talk to your cardiologist to see if it's right for you. A consistent heartbeat is easily achievable with adequate maintenance and lifestyle changes.