Spinal Cord Compression

Spinal cord compression is caused by any condition that causes pressure on the spinal cord. Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that transmits messages from your brain to your muscles and other soft tissues. The spinal cord goes down your back and is protected by a stack of backbones known as vertebrae. They also keep your body upright. Your spinal cord's nerves travel through the gaps between the vertebrae to reach your muscles.

Spinal cord compression can happen anywhere from your neck (cervical spine) to your lower back (very top of the lumbar spine). Symptoms include numbness, discomfort, weakness, and loss of bladder and bowel control. Symptoms of compression can appear suddenly or gradually, depending on the reason. They may need everything from supportive care to emergent surgery. If compression gets severe, a disease known as myelopathy may develop. Symptoms of myelopathy include difficulty walking, discomfort, and numbness.

Symptoms

The following are common symptoms:

• Pain and stiffness of the neck, back, or lower back
• Sciatica is characterized by burning pain that spreads to the arms, buttocks, or lower legs.
• Numbness, cramping, or weakness in your arms, hands, or legs.
• Lack of sensation in the feet
• Problems with hand or leg coordination.
• "Foot drop" is a foot weakness that causes a limp.
• loss of sexual ability

Causes

These may occur at any age:

• Abnormal spine alignment (scoliosis)
• Injury to the spine
• Spinal tumor
• Certain bone diseases
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Infection

Diagnoses

To diagnose spinal cord compression, your healthcare professional will ask you questions about your symptoms and do a thorough physical examination. During the examination, they will check for evidence of spinal compression, such as loss of sensation, weakness, or abnormal reflexes. Tests that assist with your diagnosis may include:

• X-rays of the spine.
• Special imaging tests for your spine (CT scan or MRI).
• Other studies. These may include a bone scan, a specific X-ray or CT scan obtained after injecting dye into the spinal column (myelogram), and electromyography (EMG), an electrical measurement of muscle activation.

Treatment

Your spinal cord compression may be treated by a medical team that includes arthritis specialists, bone surgeons, nerve specialists, and physical therapists. Treatment is determined on the underlying cause and symptoms. It could include medications, physical therapy, injections, and surgery. Unless there is an emergency, such as cauda equina syndrome or a fractured back, surgery is usually the final option.

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) can be used to ease pain and swelling, as well as steroid injections to minimize swelling.
• In more severe spinal cord compression, high-dose steroids are utilized to save nerve cells until alternative treatment can be administered.
• Radiation therapy can be used to reduce tumors that are squeezing the spinal cord.
• Physical therapy may include exercises to strengthen your back, abdomen, and legs. You may learn how to perform activities more safely. Braces for your back or a cervical collar may also be useful.
• Surgical procedures include removing bone spurs and widening the space between vertebrae. Other treatments may be performed to relieve pressure on the spine or repair damaged vertebrae. The back can also be stabilized by joining portions of the vertebrae together.
• Other treatments that may be beneficial to certain people include acupuncture and chiropractic care.

Prevention

Many causes of spinal cord compression cannot be avoided. You can help prevent symptoms of spinal cord compression caused by normal wear and tear by keeping your back's muscles and bones as strong and healthy as possible.

• Take frequent exercise. Exercise strengthens the muscles that support your back and helps maintain your spine's flexibility.
• Maintain proper posture and learn how to securely move big objects. Other excellent body mechanics include resting on a firm mattress and sitting in a chair that accommodates your back's natural curvature.
• Maintain a healthy body weight. Excess weight puts additional strain on your back. It can help to develop symptoms of spinal compression.
• Follow a well-balanced diet.
• Do not smoke.

Management

The best strategy to manage spinal cord compression is to educate yourself about the illness, collaborate with your healthcare experts and caregivers, and participate actively in your treatment.

• Keep your back as healthy as possible. Maintain a healthy weight. Practice proper body mechanics. Take frequent exercise.
• Simple home remedies, such as an ice bag, heating pad, massage, or a long hot shower, can help relieve pain.
• Glucosamine and chondroitin are nutritional supplements that have been advised for persons with osteoarthritis. However, recent research has been unsuccessful. Ask your doctor if they prescribe any vitamins for you. Always discuss any alternative treatments or medications you want to try.

Conclusion

Spinal cord compression is a dangerous illness that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the possible causes, recognizing symptoms early, and implementing preventive actions can all help manage and reduce the risks associated with this illness. If you suspect spinal cord compression, see a doctor for a complete examination and a specific treatment plan. For information, visit SHALBY Sanar International Hospitals in Gurugram.