Gynecological Cancer

Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrolled, destroying body tissue. Gynecological cancer is defined as cancer that develops in the reproductive organs. Gynecologic oncology is the study and treatment of tumors of the female genital tract. The term 'gynecological cancers' refers to a medical disorder in which cancer or tumor cells form in a woman's reproductive organs, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer.

There are various symptoms connected with gynecological cancers; each cancer type has its own set of symptoms, and the only method to determine which type you have is to get a medical consultation. Gynecological cancers are among the top causes of cancer-related mortality in women globally. Lakhs of women are diagnosed with gynecological cancers each year; thus, it is critical to understand the many forms.

Symptoms

While gynecological cancer can present symptoms in its early stages, these are frequently overlooked because they mimic other prevalent illnesses. The earlier a cancer is detected, the easier it is to treat. To ensure an early diagnosis, share any unusual symptoms with your doctor as soon as possible. The signs and symptoms of gynecological cancer vary depending on the cancer type and organ involved. The most prevalent ones are:

• Abnormal discharge or bleeding from the vagina.

• Pelvic pain or pressure

• Back pain

• Bloating in the lower abdomen.

• Uncommon or severe pain or cramping in the lower abdomen

• Urination or bowel movements change

• Infertility

• Itching, burning, or color changes in the vulva

• Abnormal lumps or bumps around the vulva

• Pain during sex

Causes

Gynecologic malignancies develop when cells lining a reproductive organ alter and begin to grow and spread. Although research is ongoing, health experts still do not fully understand the cause of cancer. Genetics, exposure to certain STIs such as HPV, smoking, and environmental exposures all contribute to an increased risk of gynecological cancer.

Types

Gynecological cancer affects various parts of the female reproductive system, including cervical cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which can be cancerous but is usually not ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer.

Risk factors

Risk factors, or those that raise the probability of cancer, differ slightly for each form of gynecological cancer.

Experts know that the risk increases with age.

Hormone levels can also influence gynecological cancers. Excess estrogen exposure is significantly associated with the development of uterine cancer, whether it happens naturally or is given as part of postmenopausal hormone replacement treatment.

A family history of cancer is associated with some types of gynecological cancer, such as ovarian cancer and uterine cancer. In other words, having a close family member with gynecological cancer, such as a mother, aunt, or grandmother, may raise your risk.

The primary risk factor for cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Other lifestyle and environmental factors that may increase the risk of cancer include:

• Smoking

• Excess alcohol consumption

• Radiation exposure, such as through previous cancer treatment.

• exposure to environmental toxins, such as heavy metals.

• Overweight or obese

Prevention

Many gynecological malignancies can be successfully treated if detected early in their course. The most important technique for preventing gynecological cancer is to schedule regular checkups with your OBGYN or gynecology expert. Other useful things you can do to lower your risk are:

• Getting the HPV vaccine ("Gardasil"), as advised by your doctor

• Practice abstinence or safer sexual habits.

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Not smoking or quitting smoking

• Consult your doctor about hormone therapy options.

In rare situations, women who are at high risk for gynecological cancers (such as ovarian cancer due to family history or other causes) may choose to have elective, preventive surgery. A hysterectomy (removal of the ovaries) is one type of operation that may minimize the chance of developing cancer. Consult your doctor if you believe this is a good option for you. Visit at SHALBY Sanar International Hospitals in Gurugram.